Change Leadership: The Iceberg Analysis and Perception Versus Reality
Back in August, a group of leaders and I got to do a presentation on next steps in a change leadership case study. Our task was to make a pitch promoting next steps using one of the five key tools of change.
The five key tools of change are:
- Problem statement;
- Stakeholder mapping;
- Iceberg analysis;
- Causal loops;
- Iteration and testing.
Our team chose to use an iceberg analysis. The iceberg analysis is a key tool in change leadership that helps identify underlying issues that are not immediately visible. Just like an iceberg, only a small part is seen above the surface, while the larger, more significant concerns lie beneath. By exploring these hidden aspects—such as underlying beliefs, assumptions, and cultural patterns—leaders can address root causes of challenges, fostering meaningful and sustainable change within our organizations’ systems.
In the context of the case study we were given, we chose to expand the metaphor of the iceberg (which is the point of this post) even further by creating a bigger iceberg (see the featured photo to see my graphic recording of the presentation) that encompasses the original. Sometimes we consider the iceberg as what we see above the surface and imagine is below the surface, but sometimes the iceberg is bigger than what we see above and below the surface. We called this perception versus reality.
All the data in the case study we were using, which was related to systems change in a school educational system, had been collected qualitatively using administrator perceptions. We wanted to know if the positive perceptions held by administrators was reality for the teachers. Check out our graphic perceptions/realities in the photo inset (don’t miss our penguins).
This iceberg analysis that includes perception versus reality is such an important part of change leadership. Does perception meet reality? Great leaders care whether perception is reality. In the context of the case study, we needed to know if all the changes being made in this school’s systems were being experienced by the teachers in the same way as the administrators perceived them to be. Furthermore, this speaks to another key tool of change, stakeholder engagement. The teachers are an important internal stakeholder in the community that was being formed in the case study school.
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